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What the heck is a DTU?

'When you're deploying any application, one of the first questions that comes up is "What will this cost?" Most of us have gone through this sort of exercise for sizing a SQL Server installation at some point, but what if you're deploying to the cloud? With Azure IaaS deployments, not much has changed–you're still building a server based on CPU count, some amount of memory, and configuring storage to give you enough IOPS for your workload. However, when you make the jump to PaaS, Azure SQL Database is sized with different service tiers, where performance is measured in DTUs. What the heck is a DTU?

I know what a BTU is. Perhaps DTU stands for Database Thermal Unit? Is it the amount of processing power needed to raise the temperature of the data center by one degree? Instead of guessing, let's check the documentation, and see what Microsoft has to say:

A [Database Transaction Unit] is a blended measure of CPU, memory, and data I/O and transaction log I/O in a ratio determined by an OLTP benchmark workload designed to be typical of real-world OLTP workloads. Doubling the DTUs by increasing the performance level of a database equates to doubling the set of resource available to that database.

'...

https://sqlperformance.com/2017/03/azure/what-the-heck-is-a-dtu

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