'Diving into the Sql Server Management Objects library can be a pretty interesting process. You get to work with database objects as in a new way, and begin manipulating and execute code in a much different approach than purely using T-SQL. Powershell offers a unique way to interact with prebuilt cmdlets, and you can explore leveraging .NET in powershell as well to have a powerful toolkit of options.
This post is a not focused on a full walk-through, but instead to communicate some of the exploration I've done, to help if you are beginning to explore more database automation and management.
I plan on doing some basic walk-throughs for the powershell newbie in the future, so if you are confused about anything powershell related feel free to post a comment and I'll add it to my list of stuff to walk through.
cmdlets vs .NET approach
What I've found interesting is there are really 2 main approaches to interacting with SQL Server. You can directly invoke the SMO dlls and access the methods, properties, and extensibility this offers. This requires more .NET knowledge as you would be directly working with the SMO namespace, in a way that is almost the same as what you code in C#. The other approach is to leverage cmdlets. The cmdlets try to abstract away a lot of the complexities that working directly with the SMO namespace for ease of use and automation, and to simplify the process for those not as comfortable with coding in C# or directly leverage the SMO namespace in C#
If purely focused on automation and little experience working with .NET then cmdlet's will be by far the way to go. There is a serious learning curve in working with .NET directly vs prebuilt cmdlets. If desiring to expand your .NET knowledge, as well find that the prebuilt cmdlets don't offer the behavior you are trying to achieve, then exploring the SMO namespace for directly invoking the methods and accessing properties can be valuable. The learning curve is more intense, so just be prepared for that if you are new to working with .NET directly in Powershell.
dbatools.io & other sources
When possible, I personally am going to recommend to leverage a package like dbatools instead of rolling your own. Dbatools.io is a powerful project that I've recently begun to explore more. This well rounded package gives you a powerful powershell set of commands that can help you set server properties, obtain default paths, backup, restore, migrate entire sets of databases to a new location and more. To code all of this from scratch would be a massive project. I'd recommend considering dbatools.io and just getting involved in that project if you have something to contribute. I found it really helpful to quickly setup some default server options without having to configure manually myself.
Exploring SQL Path Provider
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http://www.sqlservercentral.com/blogs/bit-barbarian/2017/08/09/exploring-sql-server-with-powershell-and-smo-basics/?utm_source=DBW&utm_medium=pubemail